Total Physical Response (TPR) developed by James Asher is a language learning method based on the coordination of speech and physical movement. TPR mainly covers four main factors, they are Listening-based actions, basic comprehension, respond physically and memory enhancement.
FIRST, let’s talk about the listening-based actions. As we all know,
listening is the first skill, upon which all others are based. A baby start
using his her listening skills in learning, then they can start using the other
skills. Therefore, as teachers do pay attention to the following items:
¯ Speak slower, more clearly pronounced delivery;
you gotta be able to grade down your
language level and speed.
¯ Provide shorter, clearer and simple meaning; try
to come up with simple words, still concerning the grading language
¯ Higher pitch & wider range of pitch with intonation; this can also ease your target to
convey a meaning by performing the right range of intonation and pitch
¯ Lots of repetition;
keep it going consistently
¯ High proportion of imperative
& interrogative sentences
¯ Referral
to the child himself, current activities, already known objects or previous utterances and activities
¯ Responses & comments based on the meanings in
the child’s speech, not on grammar or pronunciation
SECOND, let’s talk about children’s basic comprehension. In this case,
it is the content, not the form that is of interest to the child.
How do a child learn to say “Cookie, please?”
She is practicing the request form or
“Coocoo, peeze” is learned because she wants a cookie.
The ‘need’ is the motivation for the language. Build natural
motivation for learning the structure derives from the students’ needs in the
context you create.
THIRD, is about children respond physically. Keep in mind that
children learn with their whole beings. How do a child learn about things
around them?
¯ They learn the names of their clothes as they are
dressing
¯ They learn of food as they are eating or shopping
¯ They learn of toys as they are playing
¯ They learn of actions as they or others are doing
them
¯ Whole-child involvement means arrange for the
child’s participation in the lesson with as many senses as possible.
The FOURTH, is about memory enhancement. This requires patient
repetition, cheers or approval for all progress and building of self-esteem are part of the language-growth
process.
¯ Lots of repetition
¯ Provide the frequent praise, be consistent
¯ Reinforcement
and acknowledgement of effort
¯ Eliminate self-consciousness
Total
Physical Response activities (TPR) greatly multiply the amount of language
input given to students. TPR is:
¯ Nonthreatening
¯ Low-anxiety
¯ Whole-body responses
¯ Not required much speech
¯ Building self-confidence along with
¯ A wide-ranging vocabulary base
What
we gotta highlight when presenting TPR are as follow:
¯ Gather materials indicated for each drill
¯ Give the instruction to the entire class, model
the performance expected
¯ Repeat varying the instruction and continue to
model the performance
¯ Repeat the instruction a third time, without
modeling, allowing students to copy other students. Praise students generously
¯ Select small groups of students to go through the
actions while the remainder of the class watches
ü Each day, review previous lessons, combining them
with new material, keeping a rapid pace
ü Add whatever is appropriate to extend vocabulary
in areas needed in the class. 9.Create your own TPR drills to introduce or
reinforce any new topic
So, I surely hope you guys learn something from here. Happy teaching...!!
GLOSSARY :
·
Grade : Kelas
·
Intonation : Intonasi
·
Repetition : Pengulangan
·
Imperative : Perintah
·
Utterances : Ucapan-ucapan
·
Self-esteem : Harga Diri
·
Reinforcement : Penguatan
·
Low-Anxiety : Rendah kecemasan
Try to answer
the question based on the previous text!
1.
What is the
definition of Total Physical Response (TPR)?
2.
Why does TPR
use the listening-based action?
3.
How the
students learn to say?
4.
What is the
concept abut memory enhacement?
5.
What are the
main things that we have to know in TPR?
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